UC-MSC Clinical Treatments

Cell-based medical therapies and vaccines cultivation, manufacturing, or distribution under license.

Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

How Do Mesenchymal Stem Cells Work?

Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects how our body turns food into energy which is characterized by the elevated levels of blood sugar leading to complications.

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Known as Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Usually develops in children, teens, and young adults
Cause by autoimmune reaction whereby the body attacks itself by mistake which causes the body to stop making insulin
This type of diabetes cannot be prevented

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)

The body is not using insulin well and blood sugar is unable to be maintained at a normal level
It developed over the years and is usually diagnosed in adults
This type of diabetes is preventable by adopting a healthy lifestyle

Types of Diabetes

Healthy Lifestyle Tips to Prevent T2D

Maintain a healthy weight
Eat a healthy diet
Stay physically active (aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise every week)
Limit sugary drinks and alcohol
Quit smoking
Regular check-ups for early detection
Stem Cell Therapy

How MSCs Prevent T2D

MSCs possess anti-inflammatory properties and can suppress inflammation in the body. Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with insulin resistance, a key factor in the development of T2D. By reducing inflammation, MSCs may improve insulin sensitivity and help prevent the progression of diabetes
MSCs can influence the functioning of pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for insulin production. Studies suggest that MScs may enhance beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion, leading to improved blood sugar control and better management of T2D
MSCs can regulate the immune system, modulating the activity of different immune cells. In T2D, there is an imbalance in the immune response, with an increase in pro-inflammatory immune cells and a decrease in regulatory immune cells. MSCs may restore this balance and promote an environment more conducive to glucose control
Diabetes can cause damage to various tissues and organs, including the pancreas and blood vessels. MSCs have the potential to differentiate into different types of cells, including insulin-producing cells, and may contribute to the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues

Fatty Liver

Fatty liver disease (steatosis) is a common condition caused by the build-up of excess fat in the liver that can damage the organ and lead to serious complications

Types of Fatty Liver Disease

Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver Disease

Liver damage caused by excess alcohol consumption
Rarely causes any symptoms

Non-Alcohol Related Fatty Liver Disease

Non related to alcohol consumption
Researchers have not found the exact cause of non-alcohol related fatty liver disease
Sever factors (eg. obesity and diabetes) can increase your risk

How Stem cell Therapy Prevents T2D

Genetic Inheritance
Obesity
Excess body weight can lead to the accumulation of fat in the liver
Poor Diet
Consuming a diet high in refined carbohydrates, sugars, and unhealthy fats (eg. processed snacks, sugar beverages, fried meals)
Side effects of prescription medications (eg. Amiodarone, Diltiazem, Tamoxifen, or Steroids)
Rapid Weight Loss
Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Having Type 2 Diabetes or Insulin Resistance
Metabolic Syndrome
Insulin Resistance, High Blood Pressure, High Cholesterol, High Triglyceride Levels

Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease

Abdominal pain or a feeling of fullness in the upper right side of the abdomen (belly)
Nausea, loss of appetite or weight loss
Yellowish skin and whites of the eyes (Jaundice)
Swollen abdomen and legs (edema)
Extreme tiredness or mental confusion
Weakness

Prevention of Fatty Liver Disease

Eating a balanced, healthy diet
Increase physical activity and lose extra weight in a safe and healthy manner
Limit alcohol consumption
Quit smoking
Reduce triglycerides through diet, medication, or both
Get regular check-ups from a doctor who specializes in liver care
Stem cell therapy

How MSCs Prevent Fatty Liver Disease

MSCs possess strong anti-inflammatory properties. By secreting various molecules, MSCs can suppress inflammation in the liver, which is a key factor in the development of fatty liver diseases
MSCs have immunomodulatory properties that can help regulate immune responses involved in liver inflammation. They can modulate the activity of immune cells, reducing their detrimental effects on liver tissue
MSCs can differentiate into liver-like cells and promote the regeneration of hepatocytes (liver cells). They can replace damaged cells and enhance liver function, aiding in the treatment of fatty liver diseases
Fatty liver diseases are associated with increased oxidative stress. MSCs release antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, which help to mitigate oxidative damage in the liver
MSCs have been reported to regulate lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose metabolism. By modulating these metabolic processes, MSCs may help prevent the progression of fatty liver diseases

Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs)

Heart diseases is a general term that describes a group of conditions that affect the heart or blood vessels leading to heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. A person may be symptomatic (physically experiencing the disease) or asymptomatic (not feeling anything at all)

Cardiovascular disease includes heart or blood vessel issues, including:

Narrowing of the blood vessels in the heart, other organs or throughout the body
Heart and blood vessel problems present at birth
Heart valves that aren't working right
Irregular Heart rhythms

CVDs is known to be as one of the top causes of death among Malaysians with the prevalence rate of 17% of deaths in Malaysia are caused by ischemic heart disease

Types of Acquired Heart Diseases

Coronary Artery Disease: Due to the blockage of blood flow to the heart
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Due to rheumatic fever which damages the heart muscle
High Blood Pressure: Due to untreated long-standing hypertension
Valvular Heart Disease: Due to damaged or diseased heart valve
Kawasaki's Disease: Due to the inflammation of muscles, valve & vessels of the heart

How Does a Heart Attack or Stroke Happen?

The build-up of plaque (depositions of cholesterol and fats) in the arterial wall that supplies blood to the heart will cause it to accumulate more and grow in size
The plaque will cause the narrowing of the arteries over time
As the arteries are blocked by the build-up of plaque leading to the blockage of blood flowing to the heart which will cause a heart attack or stroke

Warning Signs of Heart Attack

Pain or discomfort in the center of the chest; and/or arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back
Shortness of breath
Numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on the one side of the body
Cold sweat
Confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech
Severe headache with no known cause
Difficulty walking, dizziness and/or loss of balance or coordination
Fainting or unconsciousness

Prevention Methods

Exercise regularly
having a Balanced and Healthy Diet
Limit Alcohol Consumption
Quit Smoking
Stress Management
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Control Blood Pressure
Get Sufficient and Quality Sleep
Stem Cells Therapy

How MSCs Help in Preventing Heart Disease

MSCs have strong anti-inflammatory properties. In heart diseases such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), inflammation plays a vital role in exacerbating tissue damage. MSCs can modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation, potentially minimizing the harmful effects on the heart
MSCs can differentiate into various cell types, including cardiac cells. When delivered to the damaged heart tissue, they can aid in tissue regeneration by promoting the formation of new blood vessels, supporting the growth pf healthy cells, and repairing injured tissue
MSCs secrete a variety of bioactive molecules known as trophic factors. These factors can stimulate the repair process, enhance cell survival, reduce cell death, and promote angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels). Collectively, these paracrine effects can contribute to the improvement of heart function
Heart diseases often involve and imbalance in the immune response. MSCs have immunomodulatory capabilities and can regulate the immune system, promoting a more favorable environment for tissue repair and regeneration. By suppressing inflammation and modulating immune cells, MSCs can help protect the heart from further damage

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A joint is any place where two or more bones meet to form a connection to allow movement. Cartilage destruction exposes the bones and the friction generated during movement causes inflammation at the joint. OA is the most common form of arthritis which is also known as “degenerative joint disease” or “wear and tear”. It occurs most frequently in the hands, hips, and knees and the prevalence rate of knee OA in Malaysia is estimated to be 10-20% of the total adult population.

Symptoms

•   Pain (affected joints might hurt during or after movement)
•   Stiffness (Joint stiffness might be most noticeable upon awakening or after being inactive)
•   Tenderness (The joint might feel tender when applying light pressure to or near it)
•   Loss of flexibility (Might not be able to move the joint through its full range of motion)
•   Grating sensation (Might feel a grating sensation when using the joint and might heap popping or crackling)
•   Bone spurs (these extra bits of bone, which feel like hard lumps, can form around the affected joint)
•   Swelling (Might be caused by soft tissue inflammation around the joint)

Causes

•   Age: The risk of OA increases with age. As the age increases, the cartilage in the joint naturally degenerates and becomes more prone to wear and tear
•   Joint Injury: Previous joint injuries, such as fractures or ligament tears, can increase the risk of developing OA in the affected joint
•   Obesity: Excessive body weight puts extra stress and strain on the joints, particularly the weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips. This increased load can accelerate the breakdown of cartilage
•   Genetic: Genetic factors can make some individuals more susceptible to developing OA. Certain inherited traits may affect the structure and stability of the joints, increasing the chances of developing the condition
•   Joint Overuse: Repetitive, prolonged, or intense activities that involve the joints, particularly high-impact activities, can contribute to the development of OA over time
•   Muscle Weakness: Weak muscle around the joints can lead to joint instability and improper alignment, which can increase the risk of OA
•   Other Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, like rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders, and joint abnormalities, can increase the likelihood of developing OA

Prevention Methods

•   Maintain a healthy weight to reduce the strain on the joints
•   Engage in regular exercise to strengthen the muscles around the joint, improving their support and stability
•   Protect your joints by using joint protection aids and avoiding repetitive overuse of the joints or putting excessive strain on them
•   Maintaining good posture helps distribute weight evenly across the joints, reducing the risk of excessive pressure on specific areas
•   Takin precautions to prevent joint injuries during sports or physically demanding activities
•   Stay active and stretch regularly to avoid long periods of inactivity, as immobility can lead to joint stiffness
•   Maintain a balanced diet
•   Manage underlying conditions (diabetes, obesity)

How MSCs Help to Prevent or Treat OA

MSCs have the capability to differentiate into chondrocytes, the cells responsible for producing cartilage. When introduced into an arthritic joint, MSCs can promote the regeneration of damaged cartilage, potentially slowing down OA progression
OA involves chronic inflammation in the affected joints. MSCs can modulate the immune response by producing anti-inflammatory molecules that help reduce inflammation, pain, and stiffness associated with OA
MSCs possess immunomodulatory properties, meaning they can regulate immune cell activity. In OA, this property can help suppress abnormal immune responses that contribute to joint inflammation and degradation
MSCs secrete various growth factors and proteins that promote tissue repair and regeneration. By releasing these factors, MSCs may support the healing of damaged joint tissues and reduce the symptoms of OA

Lung Disease

Lung disease refers to a wide range of disorders that affect the lung’s ability to function properly. It can involve various parts of the respiratory system, such as the airways, lungs, blood vessels, and tissues

Types of Lung Diseases

Obstructive Lung Diseases: These conditions cause airflow limitations by narrowing or blocking the airways.
- E.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and bronchiectasis
Restrictive Lung Diseases: These conditions cause a decrease in lung expansion and reduced lung volume.
- E.g., pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and interstitial lung disease.
Infectious Lung Diseases: These are caused by pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
- E.g., pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and influenza.
Chronic Respiratory Conditions: These are long-term diseases that affect the respiratory system and can lead to breathing difficulties.
- E.g., cystic fibrosis and bronchitis
Lung Cancer: This refers to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs, which can interfere with normal lung function.

Smoking: Smoking cigarettes is the leading cause of lung diseases (e.g., COPD and lung cancer)
Air pollution: Exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants (e.g., fine particles, gases, and fumes) can contribute to lung diseases
Occupational hazards: Certain occupational exposures to substances like asbestos, silica, coal dust, and chemicals can increase the risk of lung diseases
Genetic factors: In some cases, lung diseases can be caused by genetic factors (e.g., alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) which increases the risk of developing COPD
Infections: Lung diseases can also be caused by infections, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections
Allergens: Exposure to allergens like pollen, mold, pet dander, and dust mites can trigger or worsen respiratory conditions like asthma
Radon gas: Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can seep into homes and buildings and increase the risk of lung cancer

Causes of Lung Diseases

Symptoms of Lung Diseases

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Chest pain or discomfort
Chronic cough or coughing up blood
Wheezing or whistling sound during breathing
Fatigue or weakness
Recurrent respiratory infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.
Rapid or shallow breathing
Blush tint to the lips or fingertips (indicating low oxygen levels)

Prevention Methods for Lung Diseases

How MSCs Help to Prevent or Treat Lung Diseases

Quit smoking, avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
Avoid exposure to pollutants (e.g., chemicals, fumes, and airborne irritants) by using protective masks, ensuring proper ventilation, and staying away from areas with high levels of air pollution
Maintain good indoor air quality by cleaning regularly, use air purifiers if needed, and address any dampness or mold issues
Protect yourself from occupational hazards if you work in an industry that exposes you to potential lung-damaging substances, follow safety guidelines, use protective gear, and regularly undergo health check-ups
Get vaccinated (e.g., flu shot and pneumonia vaccine) to prevent respiratory infections that can lead to lung diseases
Practice good hygiene by washing your hands with soap and water regularly or using hand sanitizers to minimize the risk of respiratory infections
Regular physical activity helps improve lung capacity and strengthens respiratory muscles
Eating a well-balanced healthy diet
Be aware of family history as some lung diseases may have a genetic component

MSCs possess strong immunomodulatory properties, meaning they can regulate the immune response. In lung diseases characterized by excessive inflammation and immune system dysfunction, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), MSCs can help modulate the immune system, reducing inflammation and preventing further damage to lung tissues.
MSCs have the ability to differentiate into various cell types including lung cells. When injected or administered, MSCs can migrate to the injured lung region and promote tissue regeneration and repair. This can be especially beneficial in lung diseases associated with tissue damage like pulmonary fibrosis or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Lung fibrosis, the development of excessive scar tissue in the lungs, is a common feature in various lung diseases. MSCs have been shown to possess anti-fibrotic properties, inhibiting the deposition of collagen, and reducing the progression of fibrosis. This can help prevent further lung damage and improve overall lung function.
In lung infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, MSCs can release antimicrobial factors to combat these pathogens directly. This antimicrobial activity can enhance the lung’s defense mechanisms, making MSCs a potential therapeutic option in infectious lung diseases.

Aging Skin

At the biological level, ageing results from the impact of the accumulation of a wide variety of molecular and cellular damage over time. This leads to a gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity, a growing risk of disease and ultimately death.

Common conditions in older age include impaired vision, impaired hearing, back and neck pain and osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, depression, dementia etc. As people age, they are more likely to experience several conditions at the same time.

Older age is also characterized by the emergence of several complex health states commonly called geriatric syndromes. They are often the consequence of multiple underlying factors and include frailty, urinary incontinence, falls, delirium and pressure ulcers.

Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, laxity, rough-textured appearance. Accompanied by the changes in the function of collagens and elastin in the skin.

Stem cells, in combination with anti-ageing genes, can create a sophisticated shield, which can prevent the effects of ageing.

Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDD)

A group of disorders characterized by the progressive loss of structure or function of nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system. These diseases result from the gradual degeneration and death of neurons, leading to a decline in cognitive abilities and/or physical functioning.

Types of NDD

Alzheimer’s Disease: It is the most prevalent form of dementia, leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes
Parkinson’s Disease: This disorder affects movement control, causing tremors, rigidity, and difficulty with balance and coordination
Huntington’s Disease: It is a genetic disorder causing the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain, resulting in movement, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Also known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease, ALS affects nerve cells responsible for voluntary muscle control, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and difficulty speaking, swallowing, and breathing
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): It is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers, causing communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body. MS can lead to fatigue, muscle weakness, coordination, and cognitive difficulties
Prion Diseases: These are rare, transmissible, and fatal disorders caused by abnormal proteins known as prions. Examples include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome (GSS)
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD): FTD refers to a group of disorders characterized by progressive damage to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, resulting in changes in behavior, personality, language, and thinking abilities

Symptoms of NDD

Cognitive decline: Memory problems, difficulties with concentration and attention, and changes in thinking abilities
Movement problems: Tremors, muscle rigidity, slowed movement, impaired coordination, and difficulty with balance
Behavioral and mood changes: Depression, anxiety, irritability, apathy, personality changes, and mood swings
Speech and swallowing difficulties: Slurred speech, changes in voice or difficulty finding words, and trouble swallowing
Sensory problems: Vision problems, hearing impairment, and loss of sensation
Sleep disturbances: Insomnia, excessive daytime drowsiness, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder
Autonomic Dysfunction: Problems with blood pressure regulation, bladder and bowel control, and fluctuations in body temperature
Fatigue and weakness: Decreased energy levels, muscle weakness, and generalized fatigue
Loss of coordination: Difficulties with balance, gait abnormalities, and unsteady movements
Progressive decline: NDD tends to worsen over time, with symptoms progressively becoming more severe

Causes of NDD

Genetic Factors: In some cases, NDD can be caused by genetic mutations or variations that affect the functioning of certain genes. Examples include mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene in Alzheimer’s disease and mutations in the huntingtin gene in Huntington’s disease
Protein Misfolding and Aggregation: In many NDD, abnormal protein folding, and aggregation occur, leading to the formation of aggregates or plaques in the brain. For instance, in Alzheimer’s disease, the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles are hallmarks of the diseases
Oxidative Stress: Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain can cause oxidative damage to neurons over time. This can lead to cellular dysfunction and ultimately contribute to the development of NDD
Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the brain can play a role in the progression of NDD. It is believed that immune system responses and inflammatory processes may contribute to neuronal damage and loss
Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and solvents, has been associated with an increased risk of NDD. However, the exact mechanisms by which these substances contribute to disease development are still under investigation

How MSCs Help to Prevent NDD

• MSCs can secrete various growth factors and molecules that promote cell survival and reduce inflammation, protecting existing neurons from further damage

• MSCs have immunomodulatory properties, meaning they can regulate the immune response in the brain. This can help to reduce inflammation, which is often associated with NDD

• MSCs have the ability to differentiate into different cell types, including neurons and support cells. By guiding MSCs to differentiate into specific neural cells, they may replace damaged or lost cells in the brain, promoting tissue regeneration

• MSCs secrete a range of factors, including cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles carrying various molecules. These secreted factors have been shown to have protective and regenerative effects on neurons, promoting neuronal survival and functional recovery

Prevention of NDD

•   Engaging in physical activity regularly (e.g., aerobic exercises and strength training)
•   Consuming a healthy and balanced diet (some evidence suggests that a Mediterranean or DASH-type diet, which involves limiting processed foods and added sugars, may be beneficial)
•   Mental stimulation activities (e.g., reading, puzzle, chess, learning new skills & social interactions)
•   Prioritize getting enough sleep consistently
•   Stress management
•   Limit alcohol consumption
•   Avoid smoking
•   Regular medical check-ups help detect early signs of potential NDD

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Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

A medical condition characterized by the consistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. It can have various causes, including physical factors like diseases, injuries, hormonal imbalances, or psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, or relationship problems

Symptoms of ED

Difficulty getting an erection
Trouble maintaining an erection during sexual activity
Reduced sexual desire or libido
Premature ejaculation
Delayed ejaculation
Psychological distress or anxiety related to sexual performance
Emotional or relationship issues resulting from ED

The Causes of ED

Physical factors: Conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and hormonal imbalances can affect blood flow and nerve function necessary for achieving and maintaining an erection
Psychological factors: Stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, performance anxiety, and low self-esteem can contribute to erectile dysfunction. Mental health plays a significant role in sexual function
Lifestyle choices: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, substance abuse, lack of exercise, sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet can all impact blood circulation and lead to ED
Poor blood flow: A reduced blood flow to the penis due to narrow or blocked blood vessels (atherosclerosis) can lead to difficulties in achieving or maintaining an erection
Neurological disorders: Conditions that affect the nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injuries, can interfere with the brain’s ability to communicate messages necessary for achieving an erection

Ways To Prevent ED

Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and maintaining a healthy weight can have a positive impact on sexual health

Proper management of chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension) through medication and lifestyle changes may reduce the risk
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption as smoking will damage the blood vessels and restrict blood flow whereas excessive alcohol intake can also impair sexual function
Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, or therapy
Open communication with your partner about any concerns or issues related to sexual health can help alleviate anxiety or stress that may contribute to ED
Limit cycling and avoid prolonged pressure on the perineum by taking breaks and using a comfortable bicycle seat

How MSCs Help to Prevent or Treat ED

• MSCs have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, which are crucial for maintaining penile tissue health. By injecting MSCs into the penile tissue, they can stimulate the regeneration of damaged cells and tissues, potentially improving erectile function

• MSCs can enhance the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in the penile tissue. This process helps to improve blood flow, which is essential for achieving and maintaining an erection. By promoting angiogenesis, MSCs contribute to the restoration of erectile function

• MSCs possess anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial in treating ED. In conditions where inflammation plays a role in ED, such as Peyronie’s disease, MSCs can help reduce inflammation and aid in tissue repair

• MSCs secrete numerous bioactive molecules and growth factors that have a positive impact on penile tissues. These factors can stimulate the recruitment of endogenous stem cells, promote tissue repair, and enhance the cellular microenvironment, ultimately helping to restore erectile function

COVID-19

The coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV2), also known as Covid 19, has had an undeniable impact on people’s individual and social lives, overshadowing many social, economic, and scientific activities

With multiple studies underway, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC’s) show promise in treating post COVID-19 symptoms, targeting cytokine storm, and regulating immune responses for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) management