UC-MSC Clinical Treatments
Cell-based medical therapies and vaccines cultivation, manufacturing, or distribution under license.
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects how our body turns food into energy which is characterized by the elevated levels of blood sugar leading to complications.
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
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Known as Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
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Usually develops in children, teens, and young adults
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Cause by autoimmune reaction whereby the body attacks itself by mistake which causes the body to stop making insulin
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This type of diabetes cannot be prevented
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
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The body is not using insulin well and blood sugar is unable to be maintained at a normal level
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It developed over the years and is usually diagnosed in adults
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This type of diabetes is preventable by adopting a healthy lifestyle
Types of Diabetes
Healthy Lifestyle Tips to Prevent T2D
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Maintain a healthy weight
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Eat a healthy diet
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Stay physically active (aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise every week)
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Limit sugary drinks and alcohol
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Quit smoking
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Regular check-ups for early detection
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Stem Cell Therapy
How MSCs Prevent T2D
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MSCs possess anti-inflammatory properties and can suppress inflammation in the body. Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with insulin resistance, a key factor in the development of T2D. By reducing inflammation, MSCs may improve insulin sensitivity and help prevent the progression of diabetes
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MSCs can influence the functioning of pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for insulin production. Studies suggest that MScs may enhance beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion, leading to improved blood sugar control and better management of T2D
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MSCs can regulate the immune system, modulating the activity of different immune cells. In T2D, there is an imbalance in the immune response, with an increase in pro-inflammatory immune cells and a decrease in regulatory immune cells. MSCs may restore this balance and promote an environment more conducive to glucose control
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Diabetes can cause damage to various tissues and organs, including the pancreas and blood vessels. MSCs have the potential to differentiate into different types of cells, including insulin-producing cells, and may contribute to the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues
Fatty Liver
Fatty liver disease (steatosis) is a common condition caused by the build-up of excess fat in the liver that can damage the organ and lead to serious complications
Types of Fatty Liver Disease
Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver Disease
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Liver damage caused by excess alcohol consumption
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Rarely causes any symptoms
Non-Alcohol Related Fatty Liver Disease
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Non related to alcohol consumption
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Researchers have not found the exact cause of non-alcohol related fatty liver disease
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Sever factors (eg. obesity and diabetes) can increase your risk
How Stem cell Therapy Prevents T2D
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Genetic Inheritance
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Obesity
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Excess body weight can lead to the accumulation of fat in the liver
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Poor Diet
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Consuming a diet high in refined carbohydrates, sugars, and unhealthy fats (eg. processed snacks, sugar beverages, fried meals)
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Side effects of prescription medications (eg. Amiodarone, Diltiazem, Tamoxifen, or Steroids)
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Rapid Weight Loss
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Excessive Alcohol Consumption
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Having Type 2 Diabetes or Insulin Resistance
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Metabolic Syndrome
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Insulin Resistance, High Blood Pressure, High Cholesterol, High Triglyceride Levels
Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease
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Abdominal pain or a feeling of fullness in the upper right side of the abdomen (belly)
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Nausea, loss of appetite or weight loss
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Yellowish skin and whites of the eyes (Jaundice)
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Swollen abdomen and legs (edema)
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Extreme tiredness or mental confusion
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Weakness
Prevention of Fatty Liver Disease
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Eating a balanced, healthy diet
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Increase physical activity and lose extra weight in a safe and healthy manner
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Limit alcohol consumption
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Quit smoking
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Reduce triglycerides through diet, medication, or both
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Get regular check-ups from a doctor who specializes in liver care
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Stem cell therapy
How MSCs Prevent Fatty Liver Disease
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MSCs possess strong anti-inflammatory properties. By secreting various molecules, MSCs can suppress inflammation in the liver, which is a key factor in the development of fatty liver diseases
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MSCs have immunomodulatory properties that can help regulate immune responses involved in liver inflammation. They can modulate the activity of immune cells, reducing their detrimental effects on liver tissue
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MSCs can differentiate into liver-like cells and promote the regeneration of hepatocytes (liver cells). They can replace damaged cells and enhance liver function, aiding in the treatment of fatty liver diseases
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Fatty liver diseases are associated with increased oxidative stress. MSCs release antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, which help to mitigate oxidative damage in the liver
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MSCs have been reported to regulate lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose metabolism. By modulating these metabolic processes, MSCs may help prevent the progression of fatty liver diseases
Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs)
Heart diseases is a general term that describes a group of conditions that affect the heart or blood vessels leading to heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. A person may be symptomatic (physically experiencing the disease) or asymptomatic (not feeling anything at all)
Cardiovascular disease includes heart or blood vessel issues, including:
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Narrowing of the blood vessels in the heart, other organs or throughout the body
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Heart and blood vessel problems present at birth
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Heart valves that aren't working right
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Irregular Heart rhythms
CVDs is known to be as one of the top causes of death among Malaysians with the prevalence rate of 17% of deaths in Malaysia are caused by ischemic heart disease
Types of Acquired Heart Diseases
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Coronary Artery Disease: Due to the blockage of blood flow to the heart
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Rheumatic Heart Disease: Due to rheumatic fever which damages the heart muscle
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High Blood Pressure: Due to untreated long-standing hypertension
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Valvular Heart Disease: Due to damaged or diseased heart valve
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Kawasaki's Disease: Due to the inflammation of muscles, valve & vessels of the heart
How Does a Heart Attack or Stroke Happen?
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The build-up of plaque (depositions of cholesterol and fats) in the arterial wall that supplies blood to the heart will cause it to accumulate more and grow in size
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The plaque will cause the narrowing of the arteries over time
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As the arteries are blocked by the build-up of plaque leading to the blockage of blood flowing to the heart which will cause a heart attack or stroke
Warning Signs of Heart Attack
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Pain or discomfort in the center of the chest; and/or arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back
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Shortness of breath
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Numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on the one side of the body
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Cold sweat
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Confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech
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Severe headache with no known cause
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Difficulty walking, dizziness and/or loss of balance or coordination
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Fainting or unconsciousness
Prevention Methods
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Exercise regularly
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having a Balanced and Healthy Diet
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Limit Alcohol Consumption
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Quit Smoking
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Stress Management
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Maintain a Healthy Weight
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Control Blood Pressure
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Get Sufficient and Quality Sleep
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Stem Cells Therapy
How MSCs Help in Preventing Heart Disease
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MSCs have strong anti-inflammatory properties. In heart diseases such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), inflammation plays a vital role in exacerbating tissue damage. MSCs can modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation, potentially minimizing the harmful effects on the heart
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MSCs can differentiate into various cell types, including cardiac cells. When delivered to the damaged heart tissue, they can aid in tissue regeneration by promoting the formation of new blood vessels, supporting the growth pf healthy cells, and repairing injured tissue
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MSCs secrete a variety of bioactive molecules known as trophic factors. These factors can stimulate the repair process, enhance cell survival, reduce cell death, and promote angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels). Collectively, these paracrine effects can contribute to the improvement of heart function
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Heart diseases often involve and imbalance in the immune response. MSCs have immunomodulatory capabilities and can regulate the immune system, promoting a more favorable environment for tissue repair and regeneration. By suppressing inflammation and modulating immune cells, MSCs can help protect the heart from further damage
Osteoarthritis (OA)
A joint is any place where two or more bones meet to form a connection to allow movement. Cartilage destruction exposes the bones and the friction generated during movement causes inflammation at the joint. OA is the most common form of arthritis which is also known as “degenerative joint disease” or “wear and tear”. It occurs most frequently in the hands, hips, and knees and the prevalence rate of knee OA in Malaysia is estimated to be 10-20% of the total adult population.
Symptoms
• Pain (affected joints might hurt during or after movement)
• Stiffness (Joint stiffness might be most noticeable upon awakening or after being inactive)
• Tenderness (The joint might feel tender when applying light pressure to or near it)
• Loss of flexibility (Might not be able to move the joint through its full range of motion)
• Grating sensation (Might feel a grating sensation when using the joint and might heap popping or crackling)
• Bone spurs (these extra bits of bone, which feel like hard lumps, can form around the affected joint)
• Swelling (Might be caused by soft tissue inflammation around the joint)
Causes
• Age: The risk of OA increases with age. As the age increases, the cartilage in the joint naturally degenerates and becomes more prone to wear and tear
• Joint Injury: Previous joint injuries, such as fractures or ligament tears, can increase the risk of developing OA in the affected joint
• Obesity: Excessive body weight puts extra stress and strain on the joints, particularly the weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips. This increased load can accelerate the breakdown of cartilage
• Genetic: Genetic factors can make some individuals more susceptible to developing OA. Certain inherited traits may affect the structure and stability of the joints, increasing the chances of developing the condition
• Joint Overuse: Repetitive, prolonged, or intense activities that involve the joints, particularly high-impact activities, can contribute to the development of OA over time
• Muscle Weakness: Weak muscle around the joints can lead to joint instability and improper alignment, which can increase the risk of OA
• Other Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, like rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders, and joint abnormalities, can increase the likelihood of developing OA
Prevention Methods
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce the strain on the joints
• Engage in regular exercise to strengthen the muscles around the joint, improving their support and stability
• Protect your joints by using joint protection aids and avoiding repetitive overuse of the joints or putting excessive strain on them
• Maintaining good posture helps distribute weight evenly across the joints, reducing the risk of excessive pressure on specific areas
• Takin precautions to prevent joint injuries during sports or physically demanding activities
• Stay active and stretch regularly to avoid long periods of inactivity, as immobility can lead to joint stiffness
• Maintain a balanced diet
• Manage underlying conditions (diabetes, obesity)
How MSCs Help to Prevent or Treat OA
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MSCs have the capability to differentiate into chondrocytes, the cells responsible for producing cartilage. When introduced into an arthritic joint, MSCs can promote the regeneration of damaged cartilage, potentially slowing down OA progression
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OA involves chronic inflammation in the affected joints. MSCs can modulate the immune response by producing anti-inflammatory molecules that help reduce inflammation, pain, and stiffness associated with OA
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MSCs possess immunomodulatory properties, meaning they can regulate immune cell activity. In OA, this property can help suppress abnormal immune responses that contribute to joint inflammation and degradation
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MSCs secrete various growth factors and proteins that promote tissue repair and regeneration. By releasing these factors, MSCs may support the healing of damaged joint tissues and reduce the symptoms of OA
Lung Disease
Lung disease refers to a wide range of disorders that affect the lung’s ability to function properly. It can involve various parts of the respiratory system, such as the airways, lungs, blood vessels, and tissues
Types of Lung Diseases
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Obstructive Lung Diseases: These conditions cause airflow limitations by narrowing or blocking the airways.
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E.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and bronchiectasis
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Restrictive Lung Diseases: These conditions cause a decrease in lung expansion and reduced lung volume.
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E.g., pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and interstitial lung disease.
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Infectious Lung Diseases: These are caused by pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
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E.g., pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and influenza.
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Chronic Respiratory Conditions: These are long-term diseases that affect the respiratory system and can lead to breathing difficulties.
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E.g., cystic fibrosis and bronchitis
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Lung Cancer: This refers to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs, which can interfere with normal lung function.
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Smoking: Smoking cigarettes is the leading cause of lung diseases (e.g., COPD and lung cancer)
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Air pollution: Exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants (e.g., fine particles, gases, and fumes) can contribute to lung diseases
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Occupational hazards: Certain occupational exposures to substances like asbestos, silica, coal dust, and chemicals can increase the risk of lung diseases
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Genetic factors: In some cases, lung diseases can be caused by genetic factors (e.g., alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) which increases the risk of developing COPD
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Infections: Lung diseases can also be caused by infections, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections
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Allergens: Exposure to allergens like pollen, mold, pet dander, and dust mites can trigger or worsen respiratory conditions like asthma
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Radon gas: Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can seep into homes and buildings and increase the risk of lung cancer
Causes of Lung Diseases
Symptoms of Lung Diseases
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Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
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Chest pain or discomfort
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Chronic cough or coughing up blood
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Wheezing or whistling sound during breathing
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Fatigue or weakness
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Recurrent respiratory infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.
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Rapid or shallow breathing
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Blush tint to the lips or fingertips (indicating low oxygen levels)
Prevention Methods for Lung Diseases
How MSCs Help to Prevent or Treat Lung Diseases
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Quit smoking, avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
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Avoid exposure to pollutants (e.g., chemicals, fumes, and airborne irritants) by using protective masks, ensuring proper ventilation, and staying away from areas with high levels of air pollution
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Maintain good indoor air quality by cleaning regularly, use air purifiers if needed, and address any dampness or mold issues
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Protect yourself from occupational hazards if you work in an industry that exposes you to potential lung-damaging substances, follow safety guidelines, use protective gear, and regularly undergo health check-ups
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Get vaccinated (e.g., flu shot and pneumonia vaccine) to prevent respiratory infections that can lead to lung diseases
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Practice good hygiene by washing your hands with soap and water regularly or using hand sanitizers to minimize the risk of respiratory infections
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Regular physical activity helps improve lung capacity and strengthens respiratory muscles
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Eating a well-balanced healthy diet
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Be aware of family history as some lung diseases may have a genetic component
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MSCs possess strong immunomodulatory properties, meaning they can regulate the immune response. In lung diseases characterized by excessive inflammation and immune system dysfunction, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), MSCs can help modulate the immune system, reducing inflammation and preventing further damage to lung tissues.
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MSCs have the ability to differentiate into various cell types including lung cells. When injected or administered, MSCs can migrate to the injured lung region and promote tissue regeneration and repair. This can be especially beneficial in lung diseases associated with tissue damage like pulmonary fibrosis or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
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Lung fibrosis, the development of excessive scar tissue in the lungs, is a common feature in various lung diseases. MSCs have been shown to possess anti-fibrotic properties, inhibiting the deposition of collagen, and reducing the progression of fibrosis. This can help prevent further lung damage and improve overall lung function.
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In lung infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, MSCs can release antimicrobial factors to combat these pathogens directly. This antimicrobial activity can enhance the lung’s defense mechanisms, making MSCs a potential therapeutic option in infectious lung diseases.
Aging Skin
At the biological level, ageing results from the impact of the accumulation of a wide variety of molecular and cellular damage over time. This leads to a gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity, a growing risk of disease and ultimately death.
Common conditions in older age include impaired vision, impaired hearing, back and neck pain and osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, depression, dementia etc. As people age, they are more likely to experience several conditions at the same time.
Older age is also characterized by the emergence of several complex health states commonly called geriatric syndromes. They are often the consequence of multiple underlying factors and include frailty, urinary incontinence, falls, delirium and pressure ulcers.
Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, laxity, rough-textured appearance. Accompanied by the changes in the function of collagens and elastin in the skin.
Stem cells, in combination with anti-ageing genes, can create a sophisticated shield, which can prevent the effects of ageing.
Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDD)
A group of disorders characterized by the progressive loss of structure or function of nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system. These diseases result from the gradual degeneration and death of neurons, leading to a decline in cognitive abilities and/or physical functioning.
Types of NDD
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Alzheimer’s Disease: It is the most prevalent form of dementia, leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes
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Parkinson’s Disease: This disorder affects movement control, causing tremors, rigidity, and difficulty with balance and coordination
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Huntington’s Disease: It is a genetic disorder causing the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain, resulting in movement, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Also known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease, ALS affects nerve cells responsible for voluntary muscle control, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and difficulty speaking, swallowing, and breathing
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS): It is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers, causing communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body. MS can lead to fatigue, muscle weakness, coordination, and cognitive difficulties
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Prion Diseases: These are rare, transmissible, and fatal disorders caused by abnormal proteins known as prions. Examples include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome (GSS)
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Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD): FTD refers to a group of disorders characterized by progressive damage to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, resulting in changes in behavior, personality, language, and thinking abilities
Symptoms of NDD
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Cognitive decline: Memory problems, difficulties with concentration and attention, and changes in thinking abilities
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Movement problems: Tremors, muscle rigidity, slowed movement, impaired coordination, and difficulty with balance
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Behavioral and mood changes: Depression, anxiety, irritability, apathy, personality changes, and mood swings
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Speech and swallowing difficulties: Slurred speech, changes in voice or difficulty finding words, and trouble swallowing
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Sensory problems: Vision problems, hearing impairment, and loss of sensation
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Sleep disturbances: Insomnia, excessive daytime drowsiness, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder
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Autonomic Dysfunction: Problems with blood pressure regulation, bladder and bowel control, and fluctuations in body temperature
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Fatigue and weakness: Decreased energy levels, muscle weakness, and generalized fatigue
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Loss of coordination: Difficulties with balance, gait abnormalities, and unsteady movements
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Progressive decline: NDD tends to worsen over time, with symptoms progressively becoming more severe
Causes of NDD
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Genetic Factors: In some cases, NDD can be caused by genetic mutations or variations that affect the functioning of certain genes. Examples include mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene in Alzheimer’s disease and mutations in the huntingtin gene in Huntington’s disease
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Protein Misfolding and Aggregation: In many NDD, abnormal protein folding, and aggregation occur, leading to the formation of aggregates or plaques in the brain. For instance, in Alzheimer’s disease, the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles are hallmarks of the diseases
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Oxidative Stress: Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain can cause oxidative damage to neurons over time. This can lead to cellular dysfunction and ultimately contribute to the development of NDD
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Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the brain can play a role in the progression of NDD. It is believed that immune system responses and inflammatory processes may contribute to neuronal damage and loss
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Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and solvents, has been associated with an increased risk of NDD. However, the exact mechanisms by which these substances contribute to disease development are still under investigation
How MSCs Help to Prevent NDD
• MSCs can secrete various growth factors and molecules that promote cell survival and reduce inflammation, protecting existing neurons from further damage
• MSCs have immunomodulatory properties, meaning they can regulate the immune response in the brain. This can help to reduce inflammation, which is often associated with NDD
• MSCs have the ability to differentiate into different cell types, including neurons and support cells. By guiding MSCs to differentiate into specific neural cells, they may replace damaged or lost cells in the brain, promoting tissue regeneration
• MSCs secrete a range of factors, including cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles carrying various molecules. These secreted factors have been shown to have protective and regenerative effects on neurons, promoting neuronal survival and functional recovery
Prevention of NDD
• Engaging in physical activity regularly (e.g., aerobic exercises and strength training)
• Consuming a healthy and balanced diet (some evidence suggests that a Mediterranean or DASH-type diet, which involves limiting processed foods and added sugars, may be beneficial)
• Mental stimulation activities (e.g., reading, puzzle, chess, learning new skills & social interactions)
• Prioritize getting enough sleep consistently
• Stress management
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Avoid smoking
• Regular medical check-ups help detect early signs of potential NDD
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
A medical condition characterized by the consistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. It can have various causes, including physical factors like diseases, injuries, hormonal imbalances, or psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, or relationship problems
Symptoms of ED
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Difficulty getting an erection
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Trouble maintaining an erection during sexual activity
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Reduced sexual desire or libido
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Premature ejaculation
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Delayed ejaculation
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Psychological distress or anxiety related to sexual performance
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Emotional or relationship issues resulting from ED
The Causes of ED
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Physical factors: Conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and hormonal imbalances can affect blood flow and nerve function necessary for achieving and maintaining an erection
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Psychological factors: Stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, performance anxiety, and low self-esteem can contribute to erectile dysfunction. Mental health plays a significant role in sexual function
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Lifestyle choices: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, substance abuse, lack of exercise, sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet can all impact blood circulation and lead to ED
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Poor blood flow: A reduced blood flow to the penis due to narrow or blocked blood vessels (atherosclerosis) can lead to difficulties in achieving or maintaining an erection
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Neurological disorders: Conditions that affect the nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injuries, can interfere with the brain’s ability to communicate messages necessary for achieving an erection
Ways To Prevent ED
Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and maintaining a healthy weight can have a positive impact on sexual health
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Proper management of chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension) through medication and lifestyle changes may reduce the risk
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Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption as smoking will damage the blood vessels and restrict blood flow whereas excessive alcohol intake can also impair sexual function
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Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, or therapy
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Open communication with your partner about any concerns or issues related to sexual health can help alleviate anxiety or stress that may contribute to ED
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Limit cycling and avoid prolonged pressure on the perineum by taking breaks and using a comfortable bicycle seat
How MSCs Help to Prevent or Treat ED
• MSCs have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, which are crucial for maintaining penile tissue health. By injecting MSCs into the penile tissue, they can stimulate the regeneration of damaged cells and tissues, potentially improving erectile function
• MSCs can enhance the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in the penile tissue. This process helps to improve blood flow, which is essential for achieving and maintaining an erection. By promoting angiogenesis, MSCs contribute to the restoration of erectile function
• MSCs possess anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial in treating ED. In conditions where inflammation plays a role in ED, such as Peyronie’s disease, MSCs can help reduce inflammation and aid in tissue repair
• MSCs secrete numerous bioactive molecules and growth factors that have a positive impact on penile tissues. These factors can stimulate the recruitment of endogenous stem cells, promote tissue repair, and enhance the cellular microenvironment, ultimately helping to restore erectile function
COVID-19
The coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV2), also known as Covid 19, has had an undeniable impact on people’s individual and social lives, overshadowing many social, economic, and scientific activities
With multiple studies underway, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC’s) show promise in treating post COVID-19 symptoms, targeting cytokine storm, and regulating immune responses for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) management